Gorduras Saturadas. Vilã ou mocinha?

O medo de consumir gorduras saturada surgiu após um estudo realizado por um biologo-fisiologista americano chamado Ancel Keys. Esse biólogo, após observar uma enorme concentração de centenários no sul da Itália, deduziu que a dieta mediterrânea consumida pelos moradores da região, com baixo teor de gorduras animais, protegia contra doenças cardíacas, e que consequentemente uma dieta rica em gorduras animais e colesterol levaria a um aumento dessas doenças.
“Nunca houve dados reais mostrando que dietas com baixo teor de gordura e carboidratos eram úteis – eram apenas hipóteses. ” [5]
Mas não vamos para por aí, afinal todas as declarações, nutricionais ou não, devem ser apoiadas por estudos científicos indexados e nunca aceitos como dogma. Por isso segue abaixo vários estudos atuais confirmando o que acabo de dizer.
CONCLUSION: Current evidence does not clearly support cardiovascular guidelines that encourage high consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low consumption of total saturated fats.
The effect of replacing saturated fat with mostly n-6 polyunsaturated fat on coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Nutr J. 2017 May
CONCLUSION: Available evidence from adequately controlled randomised controlled trials suggest replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA is unlikely to reduce CHD events, CHD mortality or total mortality. The suggestion of benefits reported in earlier meta-analyses is due to the inclusion of inadequately controlled trials. These findings have implications for current dietary recommendations.
Dietary fatty acids in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. BMJ 2014
CONCLUSIONS:The present systematic review provides no evidence (moderate quality evidence) for the beneficial effects of reduced/modified fat diets in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Recommending higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in replacement of saturated fatty acids was not associated with risk reduction.
Evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support current dietary fat guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Br J Sports Med. 2017 Dec
CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological evidence to date found no significant difference in CHD mortality and total fat or saturated fat intake and thus does not support the present dietary fat guidelines. The evidence per se lacks generalisability for population-wide guidelines.
Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017 Nov
INTERPRETATION: High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings.